It may or may not be the same thing...
To keep things brief, Township & Range defines property boundaries through the whole pacific NW based off the 'Willamette Stone' up in the west hills. On USGS topo maps they're commonly the red dashed lines that form square grid across the map
Each box is called a 'section' and is approximately 1 mile square. There's a number in the center, so the map above is showing Section 20 and Section 21. These sections live in large 6 mile x 6 mile 'Townships' that.
When you see a little yellow sign on a tree like this:
It's referring to a specific spot on the map. In this case this is representing Section 7, that is 11 townships North and 5 West of the willamette stone. The box on the sign represents that specific section, and the nail driven into it is your location within that section.
There are also 'quarter corners' or corner monuments, that are the brass monuments. These are usually identifying section corners or borders.
There's a monument at just about every section corner in the gorge, minus some of the ones on the cliff faces, and there are commonly the yellow placards where roads or trails cross section boundaries. There at least 3 placards along Basin Rd for example, that will tell you exactly where you are on a map in just a couple seconds if you know how to read them.